Overview
Succulents and cacti store water in their leaves, stems, or roots. This adaptation makes them extremely drought-tolerant and ideal for forgetful waterers. They need good light and well-draining soil above all else.
Light
Succulents need plenty of direct or very bright indirect light — 4–6 hours per day is ideal.
- Ideal: South or west-facing windowsill
- Signs of too little light: Etiolation (stretching toward the light, pale color)
- Signs of too much direct sun: Brown or crispy patches
Watering
The most important rule: when in doubt, don't water.
- Water deeply, then let the soil dry out completely before watering again
- In summer: every 1–2 weeks typically
- In winter: once a month or less — succulents go semi-dormant
- Always use pots with drainage holes
Soil
Use a cactus/succulent mix, or add 50% perlite or coarse sand to regular potting soil. Good drainage is essential — soggy roots will rot.
Temperature & Humidity
- Prefer temperatures between 60–80°F (15–27°C)
- Most dislike high humidity — good air circulation helps
Fertilizing
Feed once in spring with a diluted succulent fertilizer. No feeding needed in fall or winter.
Common Issues
Problem
Mushy stem or leaves
Cause
Root rot from over-watering
Problem
Wrinkled leaves
Cause
Under-watering (rare)
Problem
Stretching toward window
Cause
Insufficient light
Problem
White powdery coating
Cause
Mealybugs — treat with isopropyl alcohol
Repotting
Repot in spring every 1–2 years. Handle cacti with thick gloves or rolled newspaper to protect your hands from spines.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How often should I water succulents?
A: Water deeply, then wait until the soil is completely dry before watering again. In summer this is typically every 1–2 weeks; in winter, once a month or less. When in doubt, wait — succulents handle under-watering far better than over-watering.
Q: Can succulents survive Erie winters outdoors?
A: Most common succulents and cacti are tropical or semi-tropical and will not survive Erie winters outdoors. Bring them inside before temperatures drop below 40°F. Hardy sedums and sempervivums (hens and chicks) are exceptions — they are cold-hardy and can stay outdoors year-round.
Q: Why are my succulents stretching out?
A: Stretching (etiolation) is caused by insufficient light. Succulents need 4–6 hours of direct or very bright indirect light daily. Move the plant to a sunnier south or west-facing window, or supplement with a grow light during winter months.